1. Working principle of harmonic reducer gearbox
The working principle of harmonic reducer gearbox is to use a wave generator to make the flexible wheel periodically elastically deform, mesh with the rigid wheel teeth, and use the difference in the number of teeth to achieve deceleration. When the wave generator rotates, the flexible wheel is forced to become elliptical, fully meshing with the rigid wheel at the long axis and disengaging at the short axis. For each rotation, the distance that the flexible wheel moves in the opposite direction relative to the rigid wheel is equal to the difference in the number of teeth, thereby obtaining a high reduction ratio (usually 1:50~1:320).
2. Main components of harmonic reducer gearbox
1. Wave generator: The wave generator consists of an elliptical cam and a thin-walled bearing. It is the power input end and forces the flexible wheel to deform elastically. Its function is to force the flexible wheel to deform through rotation, thereby achieving power transmission.
2. Flexible wheel: The flexible wheel is an elastic thin-walled gear with a small number of teeth. After deformation, it partially meshes with the rigid wheel. The elastic deformation of the flexible wheel makes it staggered with the teeth of the rigid wheel, thereby transmitting power and motion.
3. Rigid wheel: The rigid wheel is a rigid internal gear with a slightly larger number of teeth, which forms motion transmission with the flexible wheel. The rigid wheel is usually fixed to the equipment housing to fix and transmit power.
3. Design advantages of harmonic reducer gearbox
1. High reduction ratio: The harmonic reducer gearbox can obtain a large transmission ratio, and a single-stage coaxial can achieve a high reduction ratio of 1/30 to 1/320. This high reduction ratio has a simple structure and can achieve high-precision transmission, which is particularly suitable for occasions requiring high precision and high reduction ratio.
2. High precision: The harmonic reducer gearbox uses multiple teeth to mesh simultaneously, and the influence of gear pitch error and cumulative pitch error on rotation accuracy is averaged, so that the position accuracy and rotation accuracy reach an extremely high level. This high-precision feature makes the harmonic reducer perform well in applications that require high-precision transmission.
3. Small size and light weight: Compared with traditional gear devices, the size and weight of the harmonic reducer gearbox are significantly reduced. Its volume is only 1/3 of that of traditional gear devices and its weight is 1/2, but it can provide the same torque capacity and reduction ratio, achieving small and light weight.
4. High load capacity: The flexible wheel material of the harmonic reducer gearbox uses special steel with high fatigue strength. At the same time, the number of meshing teeth accounts for about 30% of the total number of teeth, and it is surface contact, which reduces the pressure on each gear and obtains a high torque capacity.
5. Easy installation: The harmonic reducer gearbox consists of three basic components, which are all on the same axis, so it is easy to install and has a simple shape.
6. High efficiency: The sliding of the meshing part of the gear teeth is very small, which reduces the power loss caused by friction. Therefore, while obtaining a high reduction ratio, it can maintain high efficiency and realize the miniaturization of the drive motor.
7. Low noise: Due to the low meshing speed of the gear teeth and the balanced transmission of motion, the harmonic reducer gearbox runs quietly and has minimal vibration.
4. Notes on the installation of the harmonic reducer gearbox
1. Installation of the wave generator: Avoid applying excessive force to the bearing of the wave generator, and insert the wave generator smoothly by rotating it. When using a wave generator without an Euclidean coupling structure, pay special attention to controlling the influence of center offset and skew within the recommended value.
2. Installation of the rigid wheel and flexible wheel: Confirm whether the flatness of the installation surface is good, and whether there are ridges, burrs or foreign objects in the screw hole. Confirm whether the housing assembly has been chamfered and avoided to avoid interference with the rigid wheel or flexible wheel. When inserting the bolt, confirm whether the position of the bolt hole is correct, and avoid tightening the bolt at the specified torque at one time. First, use a force of about 1/2 of the specified torque to temporarily tighten it, and then tighten it at the specified torque.
3. Check the harmonic reducer gearbox: Check the harmonic reducer gearbox for signs of damage or wear before installation, and make sure all parts are intact. Clean the surface of the harmonic reducer and the parts connected to it to ensure that there is no dust, oil or other impurities.
4. Fix the input shaft and output shaft: Use appropriate fasteners to fix the input shaft and output shaft in place, ensuring that the connection is firm and will not loosen during operation. Check the clearance between the input shaft and the output shaft to ensure that there is enough space between them to avoid interference.
Source:https://www.tumblr.com/raysteppermotor/787134516978466816/main-design-advantages-of-harmonic-reducer-gearbox
Posted
Jun 23 2025, 01:55 AM
by
Randy45